a11526  (Boster Bio)

Journal: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Article Title: Galectin‐9 alleviates acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haplo‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by regulating regulatory T cell/effector T cell imbalance

doi: 10.1002/iid3.1177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression profiles, functional analysis, and expression analysis of key proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in CD4 + T cell subsets. (A) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between patients with or without aGVHD. (B) GO analysis of differentially expressed genes. (C) KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze the signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway) enrichment in different groups. (E) PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway protein expression in the peripheral blood was measured by western blot. Compared with the control group, * p < .05, ** p < .01; Compared with aGVHD(+) group, & p < .05, && p < .01. (F) Correlation analysis in patients without aGVHD. Data were analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis. (G) Galectin‐9 downregulates p‐PI3K in the Tim‐3 + CD4 + T cells in vitro. Tim‐3 + CD4 + T cells from patients with aGVHD were treated with or without rhGalectin‐9 for 48 h. The levels of p‐PI3K were determined by western blot. Compared with the PBS group, * p < .05, ** p < .01. Compared with the Galectin‐9 + IgG group, △ p < .05, △△ p < .01; Compared with Galectin‐9 + RAPA group, & p < .05, & & p < .01. (H) Analysis of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17, and TGF‐β secretion by Tim‐3 + CD4 + T cells in vitro. Levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17, and TGF‐β in culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. Compared with the PBS group, * p < .05, ** p < .01. Compared with the Galectin‐9 + IgG group, △ p < .05, △△ p < .01; Compared with the Galectin‐9 + RAPA group, & p < .05, & & p < .01. aGVHD, acute graft‐versus‐host disease; CBA, cytometric bead array; ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; GO, Gene Ontology; IFN‐γ, interferon‐gamma; IL, interleukin; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline; TGF‐transforming growth factor.

Article Snippet: ABclonal Technology provided the PI3K p85α (cat#: A11526), Phospho‐PI3K P85α (Y467/Y199/Y464) (cat#: AP0854), and Phospho‐mTOR‐S2448 (cat#: AP0115) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay, Western Blot, In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Saline

Journal: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Article Title: Galectin‐9 alleviates acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haplo‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by regulating regulatory T cell/effector T cell imbalance

doi: 10.1002/iid3.1177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram illustrating the hypothesis of signaling regulation in aGVHD. In patients with aGVHD, the expression of Tim‐3 is significantly increased. Galectin‐9 binding to Tim‐3 may inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and enhance the function of Treg cells. On the other hand, TGF‐β promotes the differentiation of Treg cells through autocrine secretion, while TGF‐β induces the expression of Galectin‐9 in a paracrine manner. The increased Treg cells can inhibit the activation of Th1 and Th17 cells by secreting TGF‐β, thus alleviating aGVHD by inducing immune tolerance. aGVHD, acute graft‐versus‐host disease; IFN‐γ, interferon‐gamma; IL, interleukin; TGF‐transforming growth factor.

Article Snippet: ABclonal Technology provided the PI3K p85α (cat#: A11526), Phospho‐PI3K P85α (Y467/Y199/Y464) (cat#: AP0854), and Phospho‐mTOR‐S2448 (cat#: AP0115) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Activation Assay